在臨時建筑領(lǐng)域，鋼結(jié)構(gòu)板房以其建造周期短、適應(yīng)性強等優(yōu)勢占據(jù)重要地位。作為整個建筑體系的根基，地基基礎(chǔ)的質(zhì)量直接決定著板房的使用與壽命。本文將從技術(shù)規(guī)范、施工要點、質(zhì)量控制三個維度，系統(tǒng)解析鋼結(jié)構(gòu)板房地基基礎(chǔ)的核心要求。

　　In the field of temporary construction, steel structure panel houses occupy an important position due to their advantages of short construction period and strong adaptability. As the foundation of the entire building system, the quality of the foundation directly determines the safety and lifespan of the prefabricated house. This article will systematically analyze the core requirements of steel structure slab house foundation from three dimensions: technical specifications, construction points, and quality control.

　　一、地質(zhì)適應(yīng)性設(shè)計原則

　　1、 Principles of Geological Adaptability Design

　　面對復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)條件，需建立三級地質(zhì)適應(yīng)機制。在項目啟動階段，必須完成地質(zhì)勘察報告，分析土層承載力、地下水位、可液化土層分布等參數(shù)。對于持力層承載力低于120kPa的軟弱地基，采用換填法處理，用級配砂石置換300-500mm厚的軟土層，經(jīng)平板載荷試驗驗證，處理后地基承載力可提升180kPa以上。

　　Faced with complex geological conditions, it is necessary to establish a three-level geological adaptation mechanism. During the project initiation phase, a geological survey report must be completed, with a focus on analyzing parameters such as soil bearing capacity, groundwater level, and distribution of liquefiable soil layers. For weak foundations with a bearing capacity of less than 120kPa, it is recommended to use the replacement method to replace the 300-500mm thick soft soil layer with graded sand and gravel. After verification through plate load tests, the bearing capacity of the treated foundation can be increased to over 180kPa.

　　當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)底板或樁端接近不同性質(zhì)土層交界面時，需遵循"同層貫穿"原則。某物流倉儲項目實踐表明，通過加深基礎(chǔ)埋深同一穩(wěn)定土層，使整體沉降差控制在0.3%以內(nèi)，有效避免結(jié)構(gòu)傾斜。在地震活躍區(qū)域，對可液化土層需采取加密措施，采用振沖法處理時，砂土液化指數(shù)降低幅度可達65%。

　　When the foundation slab or pile end approaches the interface of different soil layers, the principle of "same layer penetration" should be followed. The practice of a logistics warehousing project has shown that by deepening the foundation burial depth to the same stable soil layer, the overall settlement difference can be controlled within 0.3%, effectively avoiding structural tilt. In earthquake active areas, densification measures need to be taken for liquefiable soil layers. When using the vibration method for treatment, the liquefaction index of sandy soil can be reduced by up to 65%.

　　二、基礎(chǔ)施工核心技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　2、 Core Technical Standards for Basic Construction

　　基礎(chǔ)施工需嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行五階質(zhì)量控制法：在測量放線階段，采用GPS-RTK技術(shù)進行基礎(chǔ)定位，平面位置偏差控制在±20mm以內(nèi)?；坶_挖后應(yīng)進行基底驗槽，檢查土質(zhì)均勻性，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)暗溝、墓穴等異常地質(zhì)時，需采用混凝土灌注樁進行局部加固。

　　The foundation construction must strictly follow the five stage quality control method: during the surveying and setting out stage, GPS-RTK technology is used for foundation positioning, and the plane position deviation is controlled within ± 20mm. After excavation of the foundation trench, a foundation inspection should be carried out, with a focus on checking the uniformity of the soil. When abnormal geological conditions such as hidden ditches and tombs are found, concrete cast-in-place piles should be used for local reinforcement.

　　混凝土澆筑環(huán)節(jié)需控制三大關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：基礎(chǔ)混凝土強度等級不低于C20，坍落度保持在120-160mm區(qū)間，澆筑完成12小時后開始養(yǎng)護，養(yǎng)護期不少于7天。對于獨立基礎(chǔ)，底板長寬誤差需控制在±10mm，基礎(chǔ)頂面標(biāo)高偏差不超過±5mm。在凍土地區(qū)，基礎(chǔ)埋深需超過設(shè)計凍深線500mm，防止凍脹破壞。

　　Three key parameters need to be controlled during the concrete pouring process: the strength grade of the foundation concrete should not be lower than C20, the slump should be maintained within the range of 120-160mm, and curing should begin 12 hours after pouring is completed, with a curing period of not less than 7 days. For independent foundations, the length and width error of the base plate should be controlled within ± 10mm, and the elevation deviation of the foundation top surface should not exceed ± 5mm. In frozen soil areas, the foundation burial depth should exceed the design frost depth line by 500mm to prevent frost heave damage.

　　三、特殊地質(zhì)條件處理方案

　　3、 Special geological condition treatment plan

　　針對濕陷性黃土地區(qū)，采用灰土擠密樁復(fù)合地基技術(shù)，通過沉管法成孔并灌注2:8灰土，經(jīng)檢測復(fù)合地基承載力特征值可達220kPa。在膨脹土區(qū)域，基礎(chǔ)側(cè)面需涂刷瀝青防水層，并在基底設(shè)置300mm厚砂石墊層，有效緩解土體脹縮變形。對于山區(qū)坡地，采用臺階式基礎(chǔ)處理，每階高度不超過1.5m，設(shè)置地錨樁增強抗滑穩(wěn)定性。

　　For the collapsible loess area, the composite foundation technology of lime soil compaction pile is adopted. The hole is formed by sinking tube method and 2:8 lime soil is injected. The characteristic value of the bearing capacity of the composite foundation can reach 220kPa after testing. In the expansive soil area, the foundation side needs to be coated with an asphalt waterproof layer, and a 300mm thick sand and gravel cushion layer should be set on the base to effectively alleviate soil swelling and shrinkage deformation. For mountainous slopes, a stepped foundation treatment is adopted, with each step not exceeding 1.5m in height, and anchor piles are installed to enhance anti sliding stability.

　　四、質(zhì)量驗收與監(jiān)測體系

　　4、 Quality Acceptance and Monitoring System

　　建立三級驗收制度：材料進場時檢查混凝土配合比報告、鋼筋力學(xué)性能檢測報告；施工過程中實施旁站監(jiān)理，監(jiān)督鋼筋綁扎、模板支護等工序；竣工驗收階段進行地基承載力檢測、基礎(chǔ)沉降觀測。采用靜載荷試驗確定地基承載力，當(dāng)極差不超過30%時，可判定為均勻地基。

　　Establish a three-level acceptance system: check the concrete mix ratio report and steel reinforcement mechanical performance testing report when materials enter the site; Implement on-site supervision during the construction process, with a focus on supervising processes such as steel bar binding and formwork support; Conduct foundation bearing capacity testing and foundation settlement observation during the completion acceptance stage. It is recommended to use static load tests to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation. When the range does not exceed 30%, it can be judged as a uniform foundation.

　　在監(jiān)測環(huán)節(jié)，埋設(shè)分層沉降磁環(huán)和測斜管，對工程進行為期6個月的沉降跟蹤觀測。某數(shù)據(jù)中心項目實踐表明，通過建立BIM+GIS監(jiān)測平臺，可實現(xiàn)沉降數(shù)據(jù)的實時可視化，預(yù)警響應(yīng)時間縮短2小時內(nèi)。

　　In the monitoring phase, layered settlement magnetic rings and inclinometers are buried to conduct a 6-month settlement tracking observation of key projects. The practice of a data center project has shown that by establishing a BIM+GIS monitoring platform, real-time visualization of settlement data can be achieved, and the warning response time can be shortened to within 2 hours.

　　五、維護保養(yǎng)技術(shù)規(guī)范

　　5、 Technical specifications for maintenance and upkeep

　　制定年度維護計劃，檢查基礎(chǔ)裂縫、鋼筋銹蝕等情況。當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)寬度超過0.3mm的裂縫時，需采用壓力灌漿法修補，選用環(huán)氧樹脂漿液，注漿壓力控制在0.2-0.5MPa。對于沿海高腐蝕環(huán)境，建議每3年進行基礎(chǔ)防腐處理，采用熱噴涂鋅鋁合金涂層，厚度不低于120μm。

　　Develop an annual maintenance plan, with a focus on inspecting foundation cracks, steel corrosion, and other issues. When cracks with a width exceeding 0.3mm are found, pressure grouting method should be used for repair, using epoxy resin slurry and grouting pressure controlled at 0.2-0.5MPa. For highly corrosive coastal environments, it is recommended to carry out basic anti-corrosion treatment every 3 years, using thermal spray zinc aluminum alloy coating with a thickness of not less than 120 μ m.

　　鋼結(jié)構(gòu)板房地基基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)體系，是地質(zhì)工程學(xué)與結(jié)構(gòu)工程學(xué)的深度融合。通過科學(xué)的地質(zhì)適應(yīng)性設(shè)計、嚴(yán)格的施工過程控制、精準(zhǔn)的特殊地質(zhì)處理、完善的質(zhì)量驗收機制以及系統(tǒng)的維護保養(yǎng)制度，可構(gòu)建起全生命周期的質(zhì)量保障體系。這種技術(shù)體系不僅適用于臨時建筑，對性輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)建筑同樣具有參考價值，代表著現(xiàn)代建筑工業(yè)化發(fā)展的重要方向。

　　The technical system of steel structure slab house foundation is a deep integration of geological engineering and structural engineering. Through scientific geological adaptability design, strict construction process control, precise special geological treatment, perfect quality acceptance mechanism, and systematic maintenance system, a quality assurance system for the entire life cycle can be established. This technological system is not only applicable to temporary buildings, but also has reference value for permanent light steel structure buildings, representing an important direction for the development of modern building industrialization.

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